This small endocrine gland (which releases the hormone in the blood) secretes melatonin, a hormone discovered in 1958, which is derived from serotonin (hormone secreted in the brain tissue and having a vasoconstrictor action - closed vessels - and antidiuretic - reducing the manufacturing urine). The properties of melatonin are not known accurately. It seems to have an inhibitory action ("freinatrice") on the secretion of hormones from the pituitary (another gland near the hypothalamus and is considered the conductor of the other glands the body). Melatonin secretion varies with the lighting: it is even stronger than it is low. Sleep may also be modified by the secretion of melatonin. It would also relate to the time difference (effect of "jet lag"). Its action does not stop there: it would also play a role in reproduction, spermatogenesis (sperm production) in humans, in the menstrual cycle in women, and tumor development, adaptation of animals to their environment, the timing of seasonal cycles of reproduction, the timing of a number of diel rhythms (alternating day-night), thermoregulation (regulation of body temperature).
The synthesis of melatonin is controlled by the alternation of day and night.
A study is underway on the possible use of melatonin to fight aging in combination with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).
The pineal gland also acts by inhibiting gonadotropin function, that is to say the action on the sex glands of the hypothalamus, which is an area in the center of the brain and whose action on the regulation of life vegetative (automatic allowing the body to function properly) is paramount. On the other hand, the pineal gland contributes to the synchronization of a number of features rhythmic (circadian or seasonal) and intervenes in the circadian organization (organizational functions of an individual in the twenty-four hours a day).
Regulation of the pineal gland is through the beta-adrenergic receptors, which are small receptors on the glandular cells of the tissue of the epiphysis.
The synthesis of melatonin is controlled by the alternation of day and night.
A study is underway on the possible use of melatonin to fight aging in combination with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).
The pineal gland also acts by inhibiting gonadotropin function, that is to say the action on the sex glands of the hypothalamus, which is an area in the center of the brain and whose action on the regulation of life vegetative (automatic allowing the body to function properly) is paramount. On the other hand, the pineal gland contributes to the synchronization of a number of features rhythmic (circadian or seasonal) and intervenes in the circadian organization (organizational functions of an individual in the twenty-four hours a day).
Regulation of the pineal gland is through the beta-adrenergic receptors, which are small receptors on the glandular cells of the tissue of the epiphysis.
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